{
  "slug": "brovada-e-muset",
  "url": "https://nonnario.com/recipes/brovada-e-muset/",
  "name": "Brovada e muset",
  "english": "Friulian sour turnips fermented in grape marc, with a slow-simmered pork cooking sausage",
  "aka": [
    "muset e brovada",
    "brovade e muset",
    "musèt e brovade",
    "musetto e brovada",
    "cotechino con rape acide",
    "Friulian sausage with fermented turnips"
  ],
  "summary": "Friuli's winter pairing of brovada, white turnips fermented in red grape marc and grated, braised slowly with onion and pounded lardo, under thick slices of muset, a cooking sausage of pork, rind and snout simmered whole; the brovada has been an EU PDO since 2011.",
  "essentials": [
    "Brovada: white turnips with purple shoulders fermented in red grape marc and grated into strips. Muset: a Friulian cotechino of pork, rind and snout.",
    "The muset simmers whole, not pricked, in its own pot of water over low heat for 2 hours.",
    "The brovada cooks slowly, covered, for about 2 hours on a soffritto of onion, olive oil and pounded lardo, with bay leaves.",
    "Loosen it with ladles of the muset's water as needed: at the end it is neither brothy nor creamy.",
    "Served as a bed of brovada with two thick slices of muset on each plate."
  ],
  "diet": [],
  "region": {
    "slug": "friuli-venezia-giulia",
    "name": "Friuli-Venezia Giulia",
    "url": "https://nonnario.com/regions/friuli-venezia-giulia/"
  },
  "place": "Friuli (Udine)",
  "coords": [
    46.0711,
    13.2346
  ],
  "course": {
    "id": "secondi",
    "it": "Secondi",
    "en": "Main Courses"
  },
  "level": {
    "id": "tradition",
    "name": "Documented tradition",
    "it": "Tradizione documentata",
    "description": "A regional tradition documented in cookbooks and local practice, with no single official text.",
    "url": "https://nonnario.com/method/#level-tradition"
  },
  "status": "checked",
  "published": "2026-11-03",
  "checked": "2026-11-03",
  "cooked": null,
  "pending": null,
  "provenance": {
    "by": "Friulian tradition",
    "reference": "Compared across 11 sources, listed below; this page publishes the most widely recognised version.",
    "year": null
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "label": "Accademia Italiana della Cucina: cotechino con rape acide (musét e brovada), a recipe of Friuli Venezia Giulia from its collection (Italian)",
      "url": "https://accademia1953.it/it/ricette/ricetta/cotechino-con-rape-acide"
    },
    {
      "label": "Il Cucchiaio d'Argento: musèt e brovade, its recipe for 6 (Italian)",
      "url": "https://www.cucchiaio.it/ricetta/ricetta-muset-brovade/"
    },
    {
      "label": "Pordenone with love, the tourism and events site of the Pordenone area, run by the Pordenone-Udine Chamber of Commerce: muset e brovada, a recipe",
      "url": "https://www.pordenonewithlove.it/en/cosa-fare/food-wine/secondi/muset-e-brovada"
    },
    {
      "label": "AIS Lombardia, the Lombardy branch of the Italian Sommelier Association: Viniplus no. 21, November 2021, an article on Brovada DOP, with a recipe for brovada e muset taken from Il Cucchiaio d'Argento (Italian)",
      "url": "https://www.aislombardia.it/media2/libreria/allegati/Viniplus%20n.21%20-%20Brovada.pdf"
    },
    {
      "label": "Dissapore: cotechino, zampone and their side dishes for New Year's Eve, 29 December 2014 (Italian)",
      "url": "https://www.dissapore.com/grande-notizia/cenone-capodanno-cotechino-e-zampone/"
    },
    {
      "label": "ERSA, the Region's rural development agency: Cibario del Friuli Venezia Giulia, the atlas of its traditional food products, 2017 edition (Italian)",
      "url": "https://www.regione.fvg.it/rafvg/export/sites/default/RAFVG/economia-imprese/agricoltura-foreste/allegati/CibarioERSAedizione2017-2.pdf"
    },
    {
      "label": "PromoTurismoFVG, the regional tourism agency: la brovada, among the PDO products (Italian)",
      "url": "https://www.turismofvg.it/prodotti-dop/la-brovada"
    },
    {
      "label": "Italia.it, Italy's official tourism portal: an overview of the typical products and dishes of Friuli Venezia Giulia (Italian)",
      "url": "https://www.italia.it/it/friuli-venezia-giulia/cosa-fare/prodotti-piatti-tipici-friuli-venezia-giulia"
    },
    {
      "label": "Ministry of Agriculture (MASAF): national list of traditional agri-food products, 25th revision, 2025, Friuli Venezia Giulia no. 24, Musetto (Italian)",
      "url": "https://www.masaf.gov.it/flex/cm/pages/ServeBLOB.php/L/IT/IDPagina/22781"
    },
    {
      "label": "Official Journal of the European Union C 35, 4 February 2011: single document of the Brovada PDO, the turnips, not the dish (Italian)",
      "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/IT/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52011XC0204(04)"
    },
    {
      "label": "USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service: Leftovers and Food Safety (archived copy of 29 May 2025)",
      "url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20250529160018/https://www.fsis.usda.gov/food-safety/safe-food-handling-and-preparation/food-safety-basics/leftovers-and-food-safety"
    }
  ],
  "story": [
    "Brovada is made from a local white turnip with a purple shoulder, layered in vats with the marc left from pressing red grapes, so that the marc sours by one fermentation and the turnips by another; it is then grated into strips and sold in sealed packs through autumn and winter. Soured turnips already appear in the Roman cookbook of Apicius, but the marc is what makes brovada Friulian; an agricultural annal of 1810 describes the method, and Ippolito Nievo has a character eat a bowl of it by the fire. Since 2011 the name has been an EU Protected Designation of Origin, for turnips grown and fermented in the provinces of Gorizia, Pordenone and Udine. Muset, or musetto, is the best-known Friulian sausage, a cooking sausage like a cotechino of lean pork, rind, tender inner muscles and snout, on the national list of traditional foods of Friuli Venezia Giulia; a formula printed in 1842 seasons it with cinnamon, cloves, pepper, nutmeg and two bottles of Picolit wine. Together they make the most characteristic dish of the whole region, a winter dish for the Christmas holidays and the turn of the year.",
    "There is no official recipe: the PDO fixes how brovada is made, not how it is cooked, and the dish varies from house to house. We compared eleven sources and publish the most widely recognised version: the muset simmered whole for two hours in its own pot, and the brovada cooked slowly and covered for about two hours on a soffritto of onion, olive oil and pounded lardo with bay leaves, loosened with the muset's water, then served with thick slices on top. The sources agree on cooking the two apart, on a soffritto of pork fat and onion, on bay leaves and on thick slices. They differ on garlic, on pricking the sausage, on broth instead of the muset's water, and on time, from 40 minutes to two hours for the brovada and one to two for the muset; some cooks bind the brovada with a little browned flour. Ours are the cold start for the muset, so the unpricked casing does not burst, and, for safety, a probe at its centre, which must read at least 71 °C; also ours are the weight of the muset, the heat and time of the soffritto, salting at the end and the thickness of the slices."
  ],
  "serves": 4,
  "makes": null,
  "minutes": {
    "handsOn": 28,
    "cooking": 255,
    "resting": 0
  },
  "plan": "About 2½ hours, most of it unattended. Put the muset on first; while it comes up to a simmer, make the soffritto and start the brovada, so the two pots cook side by side for about 2 hours. Slice the muset at the last moment and serve at once. Leftovers go into the fridge within 2 hours of coming off the heat and are eaten within 3 days of the day they were cooked.",
  "equipment": [
    "Pot of about 4 l with a lid, for the muset (for 4 servings)",
    "Heavy pan or casserole of about 4 l with a lid, for the brovada",
    "Heavy knife and a board, for pounding the lardo",
    "Ladle, wooden spoon and slotted spoon",
    "Probe thermometer",
    "Shallow containers, for any leftovers"
  ],
  "ingredients": [
    {
      "group": "For the muset",
      "items": [
        {
          "quantity": 1,
          "unit": "pc",
          "item": "muset",
          "note": "a raw Friulian musetto, or a raw cotechino; the recipe gives no weight: our guide, about 500 g–700 g",
          "text": "1 muset (a raw Friulian musetto, or a raw cotechino; the recipe gives no weight: our guide, about 500 g–700 g)",
          "recipe": null
        },
        {
          "quantity": 2,
          "unit": "l",
          "item": "water",
          "note": "for cooking the muset; some of it goes into the brovada",
          "text": "2 l water (for cooking the muset; some of it goes into the brovada)",
          "recipe": null
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "group": "For the brovada",
      "items": [
        {
          "quantity": 1,
          "unit": "kg",
          "item": "brovada",
          "note": "grated, as it is sold in Friuli in autumn and winter, with the liquid in its pack",
          "text": "1 kg brovada (grated, as it is sold in Friuli in autumn and winter, with the liquid in its pack)",
          "recipe": null
        },
        {
          "quantity": 60,
          "unit": "g",
          "item": "lardo",
          "note": "cured pork back fat, not lard (strutto)",
          "text": "60 g lardo (cured pork back fat, not lard (strutto))",
          "recipe": null
        },
        {
          "quantity": 1,
          "unit": "pc",
          "item": "onion",
          "note": "medium, peeled and finely chopped",
          "text": "1 onion (medium, peeled and finely chopped)",
          "recipe": null
        },
        {
          "quantity": 3,
          "unit": "tbsp",
          "item": "extra virgin olive oil",
          "note": null,
          "text": "3 tbsp extra virgin olive oil",
          "recipe": null
        },
        {
          "quantity": 2,
          "unit": "pc",
          "item": "bay leaves",
          "note": null,
          "text": "2 bay leaves",
          "recipe": null
        },
        {
          "quantity": null,
          "unit": null,
          "item": "salt and black pepper",
          "note": null,
          "text": "salt and black pepper",
          "recipe": null
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "method": [
    {
      "phase": "The muset",
      "intro": null,
      "steps": [
        {
          "n": 1,
          "url": "https://nonnario.com/recipes/brovada-e-muset/#step-1",
          "title": "Put the muset on in cold water",
          "text": "Rinse the muset under cold water but do not prick it. Lay it in the pot, pour in the 2 l of cold water, enough to cover it, and set it over low heat so it comes up to a bare simmer slowly.",
          "kind": "passive",
          "minutes": [
            15,
            20
          ],
          "celsius": null,
          "heat": "low",
          "official": false,
          "check": "The muset is fully under water and the first small bubbles are rising slowly at the edges.",
          "tips": [
            "Our guide: the recipe does not say whether the water starts cold; a slow start from cold keeps an unpricked casing from bursting.",
            "Some cooks prick the muset with a fork before it goes in, and some throw away the first water after about 10 minutes of boiling, to get rid of excess fat."
          ]
        },
        {
          "n": 2,
          "url": "https://nonnario.com/recipes/brovada-e-muset/#step-2",
          "title": "Simmer it for 2 hours",
          "text": "Keep it at a bare simmer over low heat, lid ajar, for 2 hours, counted from when it starts to simmer. Never let it boil hard. Top up with hot water if it no longer covers the muset.",
          "kind": "passive",
          "minutes": 120,
          "celsius": null,
          "heat": "low, a bare simmer",
          "official": false,
          "check": "A probe pushed into the centre of the muset, from one end, reads at least 71 °C, and the casing is still whole. If it reads less, simmer 15 minutes more and probe again.",
          "tips": [
            "Muset is a raw pork sausage: it is safe only once the centre has reached 71 °C.",
            "Keep its cooking water: it goes into the brovada."
          ]
        },
        {
          "n": 3,
          "url": "https://nonnario.com/recipes/brovada-e-muset/#step-3",
          "title": "Keep it hot in its water",
          "text": "If the brovada needs longer, cover the pot and leave the muset in its water over the lowest heat until you slice it.",
          "kind": "rest",
          "minutes": [
            0,
            15
          ],
          "celsius": null,
          "heat": "lowest",
          "official": false,
          "check": "The water is steaming but not bubbling.",
          "tips": [
            "Our guide: kept hot in its water it stays moist and above 60 °C; out of the water it dries and cools."
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "phase": "The brovada",
      "intro": "Start this while the muset comes up to a simmer: the two pots then cook side by side for about 2 hours.",
      "steps": [
        {
          "n": 4,
          "url": "https://nonnario.com/recipes/brovada-e-muset/#step-4",
          "title": "Pound the lardo, chop the onion",
          "text": "Chop the 60 g of lardo on the board, then pound and scrape it with the flat of the heavy knife until it is a soft paste. Peel the onion and chop it finely.",
          "kind": "active",
          "minutes": 8,
          "celsius": null,
          "heat": null,
          "official": false,
          "check": "A smooth, spreadable paste of lardo with no hard pieces, and the onion in small, even dice.",
          "tips": []
        },
        {
          "n": 5,
          "url": "https://nonnario.com/recipes/brovada-e-muset/#step-5",
          "title": "Make the soffritto",
          "text": "Put the 3 tablespoons of olive oil, the pounded lardo and the onion in the heavy pan over medium-low heat and cook, stirring, for 8–10 minutes.",
          "kind": "active",
          "minutes": [
            8,
            10
          ],
          "celsius": null,
          "heat": "medium-low",
          "official": false,
          "check": "The lardo has melted and the onion is soft, translucent and pale gold, not browned.",
          "tips": [
            "Our guide: the heat and time are ours; the recipe says only to fry the onion with the oil and the lardo."
          ]
        },
        {
          "n": 6,
          "url": "https://nonnario.com/recipes/brovada-e-muset/#step-6",
          "title": "Add the brovada and the bay leaves",
          "text": "Tip in the 1 kg of brovada with the liquid in its pack and the 2 bay leaves, and stir until the strips are coated in the fat. Bring it to a gentle simmer.",
          "kind": "active",
          "minutes": 5,
          "celsius": null,
          "heat": "medium-low",
          "official": false,
          "check": "Coated all over, with small bubbles in the liquid at the bottom of the pan.",
          "tips": [
            "Our guide: the recipe does not say whether to drain the brovada; its liquid is part of the product, and it gives the pan moisture to start with."
          ]
        },
        {
          "n": 7,
          "url": "https://nonnario.com/recipes/brovada-e-muset/#step-7",
          "title": "Cook it slowly, covered, for about 2 hours",
          "text": "Cover the pan, turn the heat to low and let it cook slowly for about 2 hours. Stir every 15–20 minutes, and whenever the bottom looks dry add a ladle of the muset's cooking water, about 100 ml at a time.",
          "kind": "passive",
          "minutes": 120,
          "celsius": null,
          "heat": "low, lid on",
          "official": false,
          "check": "The strips are tender and have lost their crunch, and no liquid runs when you tilt the pan, yet it is not creamy: neither brothy nor creamy.",
          "tips": [
            "Our guide: if it is still wet when it is tender, take the lid off for the last few minutes.",
            "Some cooks add no other flavourings at all, so as not to change the taste of the brovada."
          ]
        },
        {
          "n": 8,
          "url": "https://nonnario.com/recipes/brovada-e-muset/#step-8",
          "title": "Season",
          "text": "Taste, then season with salt and black pepper. Take out the bay leaves.",
          "kind": "active",
          "minutes": 2,
          "celsius": null,
          "heat": null,
          "official": false,
          "check": null,
          "tips": [
            "Our guide: taste before salting; the muset's water that went in is already salty."
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "phase": "Serving",
      "intro": null,
      "steps": [
        {
          "n": 9,
          "url": "https://nonnario.com/recipes/brovada-e-muset/#step-9",
          "title": "Slice the muset",
          "text": "Lift the muset out with the slotted spoon onto the board and cut it into 8 thick slices, about 2 cm each.",
          "kind": "active",
          "minutes": 3,
          "celsius": null,
          "heat": null,
          "official": false,
          "check": "Thick, even slices, moist and pink-grey right through.",
          "tips": [
            "Our guide: if the casing is tough, peel it off each slice."
          ]
        },
        {
          "n": 10,
          "url": "https://nonnario.com/recipes/brovada-e-muset/#step-10",
          "title": "Serve",
          "text": "Spread the brovada on warm plates and lay two slices of muset on each. Serve hot, at once.",
          "kind": "active",
          "minutes": 2,
          "celsius": null,
          "heat": null,
          "official": false,
          "check": null,
          "tips": [
            "Leftovers: in the fridge in shallow containers within 2 hours of coming off the heat, eaten within 3 days of the day they were cooked, and reheated with the slices in the brovada, covered, until it bubbles and the slices read at least 75 °C at the centre."
          ]
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "quick": [
    "Put the muset, not pricked, in a pot with 2 l of cold water and bring it slowly to a bare simmer over low heat.",
    "Simmer it for 2 hours, until the centre reads at least 71 °C, and keep its water.",
    "Meanwhile fry a finely chopped onion in 3 tablespoons of olive oil with 60 g of pounded lardo until soft.",
    "Add 1 kg of brovada and 2 bay leaves, cover and cook slowly for about 2 hours, adding ladles of the muset's water when it looks dry.",
    "At the end it should be neither brothy nor creamy; season with salt and pepper.",
    "Serve the brovada on plates with two thick slices of muset on each."
  ],
  "when": {
    "text": "A classic winter dish, inseparable from the Christmas holidays and from gathering with family and friends.",
    "source": {
      "label": "AIS Lombardia, the Lombardy branch of the Italian Sommelier Association: Viniplus no. 21, November 2021, an article on Brovada DOP, with a recipe for brovada e muset taken from Il Cucchiaio d'Argento (Italian)",
      "url": "https://www.aislombardia.it/media2/libreria/allegati/Viniplus%20n.21%20-%20Brovada.pdf"
    }
  },
  "keeps": null,
  "variants": [
    {
      "name": "With a browned flour roux",
      "text": "The brovada boiled for two hours, covered with water, and the bay leaves; onion and a clove of garlic browned, flour stirred in and well toasted, then poured into the cooked brovada, stirring, and seasoned with salt and pepper.",
      "source": {
        "label": "Accademia Italiana della Cucina: cotechino con rape acide (musét e brovada), a recipe of Friuli Venezia Giulia from its collection (Italian)",
        "url": "https://accademia1953.it/it/ricette/ricetta/cotechino-con-rape-acide"
      },
      "recipe": null
    },
    {
      "name": "Cooked together",
      "text": "After about an hour of cooking, the cotechino goes into the brovada, and the two finish cooking together.",
      "source": {
        "label": "Accademia Italiana della Cucina: cotechino con rape acide (musét e brovada), a recipe of Friuli Venezia Giulia from its collection (Italian)",
        "url": "https://accademia1953.it/it/ricette/ricetta/cotechino-con-rape-acide"
      },
      "recipe": null
    },
    {
      "name": "With garlic and sage, in broth",
      "text": "A soffritto of onion, garlic and lard; the brovada with sage, bay, salt and pepper, cooked for 2 hours with broth added now and then; the sausages pricked and cooked for 60 minutes in salted water, then sliced thickly.",
      "source": {
        "label": "Pordenone with love, the tourism and events site of the Pordenone area, run by the Pordenone-Udine Chamber of Commerce: muset e brovada, a recipe",
        "url": "https://www.pordenonewithlove.it/en/cosa-fare/food-wine/secondi/muset-e-brovada"
      },
      "recipe": null
    },
    {
      "name": "Quicker, with garlic",
      "text": "Lardo pounded fine with sliced onion and a crushed clove of garlic, the garlic taken out after a few minutes; the brovada cooked with bay, salt and pepper for about 40 minutes or more; the sausages pricked with a needle, boiled about an hour, then left a few minutes in the brovada.",
      "source": {
        "label": "Il Cucchiaio d'Argento: musèt e brovade, its recipe for 6 (Italian)",
        "url": "https://www.cucchiaio.it/ricetta/ricetta-muset-brovade/"
      },
      "recipe": null
    }
  ],
  "variantOf": [],
  "usedIn": [],
  "mistakes": [
    "Boiling the muset hard: the casing splits and the sausage dries out. Keep it at a bare simmer.",
    "Slicing the muset before the centre reaches 71 °C: it is a raw pork sausage.",
    "Browning the soffritto: the onion and lardo should only soften.",
    "Leaving the brovada brothy, or cooking it down to a cream: it should end tender and just moist."
  ],
  "abroad": [
    "Muset (musetto) is a Friulian cooking sausage like a cotechino: a raw cotechino from an Italian butcher is the substitute.",
    "Our guide: a precooked cotechino in a foil pack needs only heating, as its packet says; loosen the brovada with hot water instead of the muset's.",
    "Brovada is sold grated in sealed packs in Friuli in autumn and winter; elsewhere, look for it in a well-stocked delicatessen. At home, turnips are washed and left to macerate in water with grape marc in vinegar and a little salt for a month to forty days, then peeled and coarsely grated.",
    "Without brovada, plain turnips cooked sweet and sour, or savoy cabbage in strips softened in oil with shallot, are a substitute that still goes well with the muset.",
    "Lardo is cured pork back fat, sold in Italian delis; it is not lard (strutto)."
  ],
  "image": "https://nonnario.com/assets/img/brovada-e-muset.jpg",
  "video": "https://nonnario.com/assets/video/brovada-e-muset.mp4?v=4d38109e88",
  "versions": {
    "page": "https://nonnario.com/recipes/brovada-e-muset/",
    "markdown": "https://nonnario.com/recipes/brovada-e-muset.md",
    "json": "https://nonnario.com/recipes/brovada-e-muset.json"
  },
  "cite": "Cite the recipe's page and the month its sources were checked; for the official text itself, cite the document listed under its sources.",
  "license": {
    "name": "CC BY-NC 4.0",
    "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"
  }
}